Asteroids are fragments of rock that orbit the sun. There are more than 50,000 asteroids in our solar system, they also orbit like planets, in an elipse motion.
Comets are small bodies of ice, rock, and cosmic dust that follow highly eliptical orbits around the sun. The most famous is Halley's Comet which passes by Earth every 76 yrs.
The Kuiper belt is located in between the outer and inner planets. It is composed up of asteroids and comets.
Meteors, Meteorites, and Meteoroids are not all the same. The difference is that meteroids are small rocky bodies while meteors produce bright streaks of light and meteors become meteorites when they hit earth.
Oort cloud is a spherical cloud of dust and ice that lies far beyond Neptune's orbit and that contains the nuclei of billions of comets.
All of this impacts the earth in many different ways. The moon controls the tides and contains eight different phases. The comets and asteroids collide with our atmosphere all the time therefor impacting us. The outer planets and the inner planets all complete our solar system. All of this has its own way of impacting the Earth. Most things impact us without our knowledge, most people are oblivieous of many things that go on in our solar system.
